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Science Practice Test 1: Chemistry
Use the passage and diagram to answer the questions below.
Each element, from hydrogen to barium, is unique in the number of protons in its nucleus. In fact, the number of protons in an atom of an element is the defining characteristic that determines the properties that make each element unique. This is why an element's atomic number is equivalent to the number of protons in an atom of that element.
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Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic mass of 42. How many protons are there in an atom of calcium?
Refer to the passage and diagram for the questions below.
The nucleus of the atom is positively charged. Each proton in the nucleus of an atom has a charge of +1, while neutrons are neutral, with no charge. The electrons, which orbit about the nucleus in a cloud, each carry a charge of -1. When an atom possesses the same number of protons and electrons, the total electrical charge of the atom is zero, making it neutral. Ions are non-neutral atoms in which the number of electrons differs from the number of protons. The more electrons an atom gains, the more negative its charge becomes. Similarly, if an atom has less electrons than it does protons, it is considered a positive ion.
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What is the net charge of the lithium ion in the diagram above?
Use the following passage and diagram to answer the questions.
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Which statement best describes the chemical reaction outlined in the table above?
Refer to the passage and diagram to answer the question below.
In chemistry, a bond refers to the type of force holding the individual atoms in a molecule together. A covalent bond, such as in water, is the bond formed by atoms sharing the same electrons. In another type of bonding, ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to the another, rather than shared, forming an electrostatic attraction between the resultant oppositely charged ions.
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The most common gas in the atmosphere, nitrogen, is made of two nitrogen atoms held together by a triple bond. Each nitrogen atom is able to share three of its electrons with the other atom for a total of six shared electrons in an N₂ molecule. Use the passage to infer the type of bond that probably links the individual atoms in a molecule of nitrogen gas?
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A chemical equation is considered balanced if the quantity of atoms of each element in the reactants is equivalent to the quantity of atoms of each element in the products. Which of the following chemical equations is balanced?
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In general, you need about half right to pass a GED exam.